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30tii CoNGRr.ss, 
2d Session. | 


SENATE. 


( Ex. Doc. 

I No. 15. 


.t' - ■ 


U.,S. \/Va,r J c 

LETTER 


OF 


THE SECRETARY OF WAR 


COMMUNICATING, 


In compliance with a resolution of the Senate of the 30^7i ultimo, the ojfcial re- 
2)orts, papers, and other facts in relation to the causes and extent of the late 
massacre of United States troops hy Indians at Fort Fhil. Kearney. 


February 2, 1867.—Read and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and the Militia. 

I EBRUARY 5, 1867.—Committee discharged, referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs, 

and ordered to be printed. 


War Department, 

Washington City, February 2, 1867. 

Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith a communication of this date from 
' General Grant covering all official reports, papers, and others facts hearing on 
the subject of the late massacre of United States troops by Indians at Fort Phil. 
Kearney, called for by the Senate’s resolution of January 30, 1867. 

Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, 

EDWIN M. STANTON, 

Secretary of War. 

Hon. L. F. S. Foster, 

President of the Senate. 


Headquarters Armies of the United States, 

Washington, February 2, 1867. 

Sir : I have the honor to return Senate resolution calling for information 
“ which may tend to explain the origin, causes, and extent of the late massacre 
of the United States troops by Indians at or near Fort Phil. Kearney, in Dakota 
Territory,” and referred by you to me for report. I send herewith “all official 
reports, papers, and other facts,” in possession of these headquarters, bearing 
upon the subject. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

U. S. GRANT, General. 

Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 


Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, Decemher 26, 1866. 

General: On the 21st instant three (3) officers and ninety (90) men, cav- 
aTy and infantry, were massacred by Indians very near Fort Philip Kearney. 
















' ^ (o (o 

XXU Z 

2 ‘ FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


Indians reported near three thousand, (3,000,) probable, from the complete¬ 
ness of the massacre. 

I order up four (4) companies of infantry and two (2) of cavalry from Lar¬ 
amie. 

I order Colonel Carrington to Casper, headquarters of the new eighteenth ; 
if not approved I request the assignment of General Wessels at Reno to his 
brevet rank, to command district. 

Just received at least five “leaves of absence” of officers of these troops. It 
is important that all these officers be ordered to join. 

Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Fetterman, Captain Brown, and Lieutenant Grum- 
mond, are the officers killed; not a man was left alive. 

Sent direct in General Sherman’s absence. 

Shall report by mail. 

P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, 


Brevet Major General, Commanding. 

Major General Joh.\ A. Rawlins, 

Chief of Staff. 


Official copy: 


E. S. PARKER, 
Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

IlKADCilJARTERS ArMIES OF THE UmTED StATES, 

^Vashington, December 26, 1866. 

General Grant desires me to say that your despatch of to-day is received. 
ITour action in Colonel Carrington’s case is approved; and if you deem it still 
iiecesssary you are authorized to assign General Wessells as proposed. Sus¬ 
pend all leaves of absence until you think they can be safely granted. 

C. B. COMSTOCK, 

Brevet Brig. Gen, and A. D. C. 

General P. St. Geo. Cooke, Omaha. 


Official copy: 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Received at office United States militarj telegraph, War Department, Washington, D. C., 

December 26, 186C. ] 

Fort Phil. Kearney, D. T., December 21, 1866, 

By courier to Fort Laramie, December 26. 

General : I send copy of despatch to General Cooke simply as a case when 
in uncertain communication I think you should know the facts at once. I want 
all my officers. I want men. Depend upon it, as I wrote in July, no treaty 
but hard fighting is to assure this line. I have had no reason to think other¬ 
wise. I will operate all winter, whatever the season, if supported; but to 
redeem my pledge to open and guarantee this line I must have re-enforcements 
and the best of arms up to my full estimate. 

Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

HENRY B. CARRINGTON. 

U. S. Grant. 


Official: 


Copy forwarded to Secretary 27th. 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 



i \ ».• 




FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


3 


fCopy oi telegram to General Cooke.—Received at office of United States military telegraph, 
ar Department, Washington, D. C., December 26, 1860—3.15 p. m. ] 

Fort Phil. Kearney, D. T., December 2L, 1866, 

By courier to Fort Laramie, December 26. 

Do send me reinforcements fortliwitli. Expedition now with my force is 
impossible. I risk everything- but the post and its store. I venture as much 
as any one can, but I have had to-day a fight unexampled in Indian warfare. 
j\Iy loss is ninety-four (94) killed. I have recovered forty-nine bodies, and 
thirty-five more are to be brought in in the morning that have been found. 
Among the killed are Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Fetterman, Captain F. II. 
Brown, and Lieutenant Grammond. The Indians engaged were nearly three 
thousand, (3,000,) being apparently the force reported as on Tongue river in 
my despatches of the 5th of November and subsequent thereto. This line, so 
important, can and must be held. It will take four times the force in the spring 
to reopen if it be broken up this winter. I hear nothing of my arms that left 
Leavenworth September 15, Additional cavalry ordered to join have not 
reported their arrivml. Would have saved us much loss to-day. The Indians 
lost beyond all precedent. I need prompt re-enforcements and repeating arms. 
I am sure to have, as before reported, an active winter, and must have men and 
arms. Every officer of this battalion should join it to-day. I have every 
teamster on duty, and, at best, one hundred and nineteen left at post. I hardly 
need urge this matter; it speaks for itself. Give me two companies of cavalry, 
at least, forthwith, well armed, or four companies of infantry, exclusive of what 
I need at Reno and Fort Smith. I did not overestimate my early application ; a 
single company, promptly, will save the line; but our killed show that any 
remissness will result in mutilation and butchery beyond precedent. No such 
mutilation as that to day is on record. Depend on it that this post will be held 
so long as a round or man is left. 

Promptness is the vital thing. Give me officers and men. Only the new 
Spencer arms should be sent. The Indians desperate, and they spare none. 

HENRY B. CARRINGTON, 

Colonel \htli Infantry, Commanding. 

General U. S. Grant. 

Copy forwarded to Secretary 27th December. 

Official : 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

IIeaduuarters Armies of the United States, 

Washington, December 27, 1866. 

General Grant desires me to forward the accompanying telegram from Gen¬ 
eral Cooke, and to say that General Cooke’s action in Colonel Carrington’s 
case has been approved; that General Cooke has been authorized to assign 
General Wessels as proposed, if he still deems it necessary ; and also to sus 
pend all leaves of absence. 

C. B. COMSTOCK, 

Brevet Brigadier General, A. D. C. 


Gen. W. T. Sher.man, St. Louis. 
Official copy : 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A D. C* 



4 


FORT PHIL KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


[Received at office United States military telegraph, War Department, Washington, D. C. 

December 26, J8C6.] 

From Omaha, Dcccniher 26, 1866. 

On the 21st instant three (3) officers and ninety (90) men, cavalry and 
infantry, were massacred by Indians very near Fort Iffiilip Kearney. Indians 
reported near three thousand, probably, from the completeness of the massacre, 
I order up four (4) companies of infantry and two (2) of cavalry from 
Laramie. I order Colonel Carrington to Casper, headquarters of the new 
eighteenth. If not approved, 1 request the assignment of General AVessels at 
Reno, at his rank, to command the district. Just received at least five leaves 
of absence of officers of these troops. It is important that all these officers be 
ordered to join. Send direct in Geireral Sherman’s absence. Brevet Lieuten¬ 
ant Colonel Fetterman, Captain Brown, arrd Lieutenant Grammond, are the 
officers killed. Not a man was left alive. Shall report by mail. 

P. ST. GEO. COOKE, 

Brevet Major frenerol, Cominandmg. 

Gen. J. A. Ravvi.IiXS, Chief of Staff. 


Official : 


E. S. PARKER, 

Boloncl and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

IIbadquarteks Armies of the United States, 

Washington, December 28, 1866. 

General Grant requests that you will furnish him with any additional infor¬ 
mation you may receive in reference to the Fort Philip Kealiiey massacre, and 
if there has been fault in the matter, that you will have it strictly investigated. 

C. B. COMSTOCK, 

Brevet Brigadier General, A. D. C. 

Gen. W. T. Sherman, St. Louis. 


Official copy : 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Received at office United States military telegraph. War Department, Wa.shington, D. C., 

December 28, 1866—4.45 p. m.] 

St. Louis, December 28, 1866. 

General : Just arrived in time to attend the funeral of my adjutant general, 
Sawyer. I have given general instructions to General Cooke about the Sioux. 
I do not yet understand how the massacre of Colonel Fetterman’s party could 
have been so complete We must act with vindictive earnestness against the 
Sioux, even to tlieir extermination, men, women and children. Nothing less 
will reach the root of this case. 

W. T. SHERMAN, 

Lieutenant General. 

U. S. Grant. 

Official: 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 








FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


[Received at office United States military telegraph, War Department, Washington, D. C., 

December *<J9, 1866—3 p. m. 

St. Louis, Dccemhcr 20, 1866. 

Gknkral : A our despatch of yesterday is received. 1 have another despatch 
from General Cooke, but nothing more definite as to the Uort Phil. Kearney mas¬ 
sacre. A heavy snow storm is prevailing west of Omaha, and cuts off commu¬ 
nication. I will have the matter fully investigated. In the meantime the In¬ 
dians must be pursued and punished. General Cooke asks for a regiment of 
cavalry and one of infantry. I will sec if the two new colored regiments, now 
organizing in General Hancock’s department, can be made available by April 1; 
if not, I may have to ask some help from General Grant. Please ascertain of 
him if he has any troops he could spare this spring, as we must not overlook 
this case, but must pursue and punish at all hazards. The posts in that quarter 
are strong and well supplied; but it is reported the Sioux have three thousand 
(3,000) warriors, well armed, and their country is very difficult to operate in. 

W. T. SHERMAN, 

Lieutenant General. 

General C..B. Comstock, Aide-de-Camj). 

Official: E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. G. 


[Special Orders No. 126.] 

Headquarters Departmeat of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, December 26, 1866. 

I. The following telegraphic orders of this date are hereby confirmed: 

Brevet Brigadier General J. N. Palmer, commanding Fort Laramie, will send 

from the garrison of that post two companies of the 2d cavalry and four com¬ 
panies of the 18th infantry, to report to Brevet Brigadier General Wessells at 
Fort Reno. 

II. Brevet Brigadier General Wessells will proceed with the re-enforcements 
and assume command of Fort Philip Kearney, and will also have authority to 
order such movements of the troops at Forts Reno and C. F. Smith as he may 
find necessary. The commanding officers at Forts Reno and C. F Smith will 
obey all orders they may receive from Brevet Brigadier General Wessells. 

HI. Colonel H. B. Carrington, L8th United States infantry, will be relieved 
from the command of Fort Philip Kearney, by Brev^et Brigadier General 
Wessels, and will proceed immediately to Fort Casper, to which post the head¬ 
quarters of the new 18th regiment have been heretofore ordered, and assume 
command of the post and that regiment. 

IV. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. K. Mizner, commanding Fort McPherson, 
will send promptly two of his companies to take post at Fort Laramie. 

V. Brevet Major General John Gibbon, commanding Fort Kearney, will send 
immediately one company of his command to take post at Fort McPherson. 

VI. Captain George O. Sokalski, 2d United States cavalry, will proceed to¬ 
day, taking railroad and mail conveyances (and without stop) to Fort Laramie, 
Dakotah Territory, reporting, on arrival, to the commanding officer of his regi¬ 
ment, with a view to joining his company, “C,” with the least practicable delay. 

The quartermaster’s department will furnish the necessary transportation. 

By command of Brigadier and Brevet Major General Cooke: 

H. G. LITCHFIELD, 

Brevet Major United States Army, A. D. C. 

Official : 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 



6 


FORT PHIL. KEARNf:Y xMASSACRE. 


[Telegram.] 

Fort Laramie, Dccemher 27, 1866. 

Orders to command Fort Reno issued yesterday; the most violent, blinding 
storm now raging; there would be nothing gained by moving in such a snow 
storm; meantime all preparations which can be made in-doors are going on. One 
Indian messenger, just in to see the Indian agent, gives the following information : 
He' says there is a grand coalition of Indian tribes north, to the number of ten 
thousand (10,000) to twelve thousand (12,000) fighting men; they are to make 
common cause against the whites; twelve (12) tribes are enumerated; story 
somewhat improbable, because tribes deadly hostile to each other are named, 
and such large numbers can’t live together; not enough for them to eat in the 
country. 

J. N. PALMER, Coimnanding. 

Major II. G. Litchfield, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 


Official: 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, December 27, 1866. 

General : I communicated yesterday by telegraph the disastrous news from 
Fort Philip Kearney. I enclose a copy of Colonel Carrington’s telegram. An 
officer’s letter states not one escaped. December 6, a severe skirmish occurred 
a few miles from that post, when Lieutenant Bingham, second cavalry. Sergeant 
Bowers, eighteenth infantry, were killed, and one sergeant and four privates were 
wounded, (and eight horses killed and wounded.) December 11, a private sol¬ 
dier was killed in sight of Fort Reno. I shall enclose several messages of instruc¬ 
tion to Colonel Carrington as bearing on my subject matter. Colonel O.’s state¬ 
ment that, with teamsters, he had, December 21, “but one hundred and nineteen 
men left in the fort,” requires the statement that his December 10 report shows 
an aggregate present of four hundred and seventy-five. 

My special orders to meet this occasion have been mailed to you, (as in usual 
course.) The six companies ordered forward will have the duties of re-enforcing 
perhaps Fort Reno—opening communication with (J. F. Smith—re-enforcing that 
besides Fort Philip Kearney. Deficiency of troops, the season, and amount of 
supplies at the upper posts, together, do not admit of more being sent. I hope 
they will do, and be able to carry out my telegraphic instructions to General 
Wessells, viz: “I expect you to make Reno safe, with power to forward mails, 
and to proceed with all other of the six companies ordered to you above. I 
hope regular communication can be kept with Fort 0. F. Smith, and that we 
may be able to chastise Indians who may insult the posts; but Avith great cau¬ 
tion. The officers are not equal to their stratagems in the broken ground they 
knoAv so well; their numbers, it seems noAV certain, are so very superior.” 

Colonel Carrington is very plausible—an energetic, industrious man in garri¬ 
son ; but it is too evident that he has not maintained discipline, and that his 
officers have no confidence in him. Some of his acts officially reported, such as 
shelling woods when Indians had appeared on a previous day may have, by this 
time, settled his appreciation by Indians. 

Major Van Voast imlunteered to lead a short Avinter expedition of some five 
companies, Avhich I approA^ed in the abstract, but Avhen he communicated his 
information, plans, &;c., I found it would be too far, (one hundred miles beyond 
Reno;) his force too small; all too uncertain for the risk and sufferings. 



FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE- 


7 


I liav e always understood that about tlie first grass the Indian ponies are 
unserviceable. I think it will be practicable to attack them about the 1st of 
i\Iciy ; that an additional regiment both of cavalry and infantry will be the least 
needed, and that they can be placed at Fort Laramie about the 1st of April. At 
that time they will be able to go by steam within about one hundred and fifty 

I think it will be practicable, as well as very important, that the immigration 
to Montana, oiu* best new Territory of arable land as well as precious metals, 
should not be interrupted by this best route. 

You will observe Colonel Carrington asks for Spencer arms for infantry. Some 
of his men have used them mounted, and have since felt the inferiority of the 
muzzle-loading arms. • In fact, I have had an official report of a cattle guard 
excusing themselves for not firing on attacking Indians; that if they fired, the 
Indians having revolvers, they would be defenceless. They have revolvers, 
and it comes to this, that.the savages are better armed than the troops. I 
therefore earnestly recommend that breech-loading Springfield muskets be now 
furnished for all these troops. I found that even the cavalry were generally 
unfurnished with revolvers ; and a telegraphic requisition for a supply for five 
companies, Avith an implied consent of General Dyer, of November 6, has not 
yet resulted in their being received or heard from. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

P. ST. GEO. COOKE, 

Brevet Major General Commanding. 

General J. A. Kawlings, 

Chief of Staff of General Commanding, Washington. 

Headquarters United States Army, 

February 1, 1867. 

Official copy : 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] ^ 

Fort Philip Kearney, December 21, 1866. 

Do send me reinforcements forthwith. Expedition nov/ with my force is im¬ 
possible ; I risk everything but the post and its stores; I venture as much as 
any one can, but I have had to-day a fight unexampled in Indian warfare; my 
loss is ninety-four killed. 

I have recovered forty-nine bodies, and thirty-five more are to be brought in 
in the morning, that have been found. Among the killed are Brevet Lieuten¬ 
ant Colonel Fetterman, Captain F. H. Brown and lieutenant Grammond. The 
Indians engaged were nearly three thousand, being apparently the force re¬ 
ported as on Tongue river, in my despatches of 5th November and subsequent 
thereto. This line, so important, can and must be held; it Avill take four times 
the force in the spring to reopen it, if it be broken up this Avinter. I hear no¬ 
thing of my arms that left Leavenworth, September 15. The additional 
cavalry ordered to join me has not reported ; their arrival Avould have saved us 
much loss to-day. 

The Indians lost beyond all precedent. I need prompt re-enforcements and 
repeating arms. I am sure to have, as before reported, an active Avinter, and must 
have men and arms. Every officer of this battalion should join it. To-day I 
had every teamster on duty and but one hundred and nineteen men left at post 
I hardly need urge this matter, it speaks for itself Give me two companies of 



8 


FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


cavalry, at least, fortliwitli, well armed, or four companies of infantry, exclusive 

of what is needed at Ileno and Fort Smith. 

I did not over-estimate my early application a single company. Promptness 
will save the line; but one hundred killed shows that any remissness will lesult 
in mutilation and butchery beyond precedent. No such mutilation as that to¬ 
day is on record. Depend upon it that the post will be held so long as a round 
or a man is left. Promptness is the vital thing. Give me officeis and men 
only; the new Spencer arms should be sent; the Indians are desperate ; I spaie 
none and they spare none. 

HENRY B. CARRINGTON. 

Colonel Eighteenth Infantry. 

Brevet Major General P. St. Georgk Cooke, 

Commanding Department. 

Headquarters Army United States. 

February 1, 1867. 

Official copy: 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, September 27, 1866. 

Colonel H. B. Carrington, 

Fort Philip Kearney, Dakota Territory: 

Your long telegram and others of 17th instant received; also copy of Major 
Van Voast’s letter of September 22, to you. You must have corn before this in 
plenty. It is impossible to take the offensive this season, except you can man¬ 
age to surprise Red Cloud in winter camps by infantry. 

Two or three hundred infantry, with much suffering, perhaps, might thus ac¬ 
complish more than two thousand troops in summer. 

I havp reason to believe there are whites with the Indians—never spare them. 
You can only defend yourself and trains, and emigrants, the best you can. 
There are so many conditions and circumstances connected with Fort C. F. 
Smith I am ignorant of, I cannot order or advise; only at the worst you can re¬ 
call its garrison, and in such case strengthen Reno. 

Having one company of cavalry you can probably dispense with your ninety- 
four horses, after mounting all the cavalry men. They could be used for cavalry 
at Laramie. The same as to any useless horses at C. F. Smith and Reno. 

General Myers telegraphs about Bailey’s party and wages. Cartridges at¬ 
tended to. 

P. ST. GEO. COOKE, 

Brevet Major General Commanding. 

Official: 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. G. 


Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, December 28, 1866. 

General : By direction of the general commanding you will, upon arrival 
at Fort ^Philip Kearney, make a thorough investigation of the circumstances 
connected with the massacre on the 21st instant, near that post, and make full 




FORT PRIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


9 


leport of the same to these headquarters. While this investigation is considered 
important you are not to permit its prosecution to interrupt military duties of 
still greater moment. 

[ have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant. 


Official: 


H. G. LITCHFIED, 
Brevet Major U. S. A., Aide-dc-Camp. 


f 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


Brevet Brigadier General H. W. Wessells, 

United States Army, Commanding Mountain District. 


AVashington, January 14, 1867. 

General Augur left last evening for Omaha, via St Louis. Are you having 
an investigation into the Fort Phil. Kearney massacre ? A report will probably 
be called for, and it is important that we should know all that can be learned 
about it as soon as possible. 

U. S. GRANT, General. 

Lieutenant General AV. T. Sherman, St. Louis, Missouri. 


Official: 


E. S. PARKER, 
Colonel and A. D. C. 


Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, January 14, 1867. 

General: I have received to day Lieutenant General Sherman’s despatch 
of this date, which, after giving General Grant’s, says to me : “ General, I want 
a thorough investigation and report of the whole matter; and to fulfil General 
Grant’s inquiries, I wish you to send me by mail at once your (my) version of 
the affair based on the facts known, and your (my) judgment of the probabilities.” 

December 28, I ordered Brevet Brigadier General AVessels, then assigned to 
command of the district including Fort Phil. Kearney, to make a “ thorough 
investigation ” as now required, a copy I enclose. It was sent by telegraph to 
Fort Laramie, the nearest available office, 157 miles from Fort Reno, where 
General AVessells was in command, 66 miles this side of F'ort Philip Kearney. 
He could make no investigation before reaching Fort Phil. Kearney. His march 
there depended on the arrival of re-enforcements from Fort Laramie, ordered by 
telegraph December 26, but which, owing to “blinding snow storms,” &c., 
only marched January 3, and it is believed arriv^ed at Fort Reno January 11, 
instant. This recital shows the impossibility of obtaining from so remote a 
post, with communication temporarily suspended, reports so soon as desired and 
expected. The law forbids me to order a court of inquiry, and I am not aware 
of my power to order any other investigation than I have already done. 

I have just received telegram from Fort Laramie, dated 12th, stating a mail 
carrier had arrived from Fort Philip Kearney; the first communication since 
the day of the massacre, which brought Colonel Carrington’s report (which I 
mailed to you) and it brings me nothing. I have telegraphed an inquiry for 
information to General Palmer. Thus uninformed, I have no “ version” of the 
affair. It remains to me to comply with the call for my “judgment of the 
probabilities.” The probabilities must be founded on my orders, Colonel Car- 






10 


FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE 


rington’s reports, and my knowledge of the preyioiis events, and the conduct 
of the commander and the troops. 

First, I enclose copies (A and B) of instructions of September 27 and 
November 12, 1866. Colonel Carrington has, before December 21, made no 
expedition against Indians ; all his skirmishes have been with war parties attack¬ 
ing his supply trains, or appearing in sight of the fort. I am informed that on 
these occasions it was the custom of officers and men to sally forth, mounted or 
afoot, much at their discretion, and in confirmation of this, I enclose (C) a 
report of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Fetterman of the affair of December 6. 
He says, when his command of thirty men reached the wood party surrounded 
by Indians four miles from the post, he was joined by Captain F. H. Brown, 
18th United States infantry, with a couple of mounted infantry, who had 
already started for the relief of tlie train, and was overtaken by Second Lieu¬ 
tenant A. H. Wands, 18th United States infantry. 

1 enclose, finally, an important account (D) which would be supposed to 
have important bearing, a despatch from Colonel Carrington of December 19, 
two days before the massacre, indicating a detachment and expedition, and 
proving that he felt strong enough to take the offensive. 

The size and composition of the party massacred indicate that they were all 
mounted cavalry and infantry to just the number of horses in hands of infantry. 
All my suggestions of the offensive in winter to Colonel Carrington laid stress 
upon using infantry. Assuming, then, that Colonel Carrington did not disobey 
in spirit [How about the infantry ?] and in letter my instructions as to expeditions, 
my judgment of the probabilities is, that on the 21st December hostile Indians, 
in number between 1,500 and 3,000, formed an ambush within five or six miles of 
Fort Phil. Kearney; that they sent a party to decoy the garrison; that all the 
available horses (which I believe were kept saddled) were mounted, and that hastily 
and irregularly they sallied out to engage or pursue; that the Indians skillfully 
managed to lead the pursuit of the whole into ground selected as forbidding 
escape; and that there, by so greatly superior numbers, the troops were sur¬ 
rounded and massacred, no quarter asked or given. 

I am, sir, very respecTully, 

P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, 
Brevet Major General Commanding. 

Brevet Major General W. A. Nichols, 

A. A. Gen. Division of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 

Official: 


Colonel and A. D. C. 


\ 


[Received at office United States military telegraph, War Department, Washington, D. C., 
January 17, 1867—4.30 p. m.—from St. Louis, Mo., January 17, 1867.] 

To General U. S. Grant: 

The subjoined telegram has this moment been received ; 

“Omaha, January 7, 1867. Lieutenant General W. T. Sherman : Follow¬ 
ing despatch just received: ‘Fort Phil. Kearney, January 4. To Adjutant 
General Department of the Platte : The mail takes full report of fight Decem¬ 
ber 21. All bodies received. Severe cold and drifting snows, with mercury 
once at twenty-two degrees below zero, have so far prevented further Indian 
depredations. Their losses may also explain this. The facts disclosed show 
that the detachment was several miles from the wood train. They were sent 
to relieve, and pushed over Lodge Trail ridge in order of pursuit, after orders 





FORT PHIL.. KEARNEY MASSACRE 


11 


three times given not to cross that ridge. I found Lieutenant Grammond’s 
body; also, Fetterman and Brown—evidently shot each other. Signed, H. B. 
Carrington, Colonel 18th infantry.’ Respectfully, P. St. G. Cooke, Brevet 
Major General.” 

W. T. SHERMAN, 
Ltieutenant General Commanding. 

Official copy : 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


Headquarters Military Division of the Missouri, 

St, Louis, Missouri, January 19, 186V. 

General : I now have the honor to send you General Cooke’s letter of tlie 
14th, with its enclosures, which is the nearest approach to accounting for the 
unhappy affair at Fort Phil. Kearney. I have already transmitted a copy of a 
telegraphic despatch from General Cooke, notifying me that a fall report is on 
its way by the regular mail from Fort Laramie. 

Until the reports of Colonel Carrington and General Wessels are on hand, I 
cannot advise either a formal court-martial or court of inquiry. 

With great respect, 

W. T. SHERMAN, 
Lieutenant General Commanding. 

General J. A. Rawlins, 

Chief of Staff, Washington, D, G. 

Official copy : 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


Headquarters Military Division of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, January 28, 1857. 

Dear General : Knowing your anxiety to hear something definite and com¬ 
prehensible of the Fort Phil. Kearney matter, I have had a copy made of a letter 
from a sergeant there to a clerk in this office, which seems to explain the case 
fully. As soon as their official report comes I will send it also. 

Yours, in haste, 

W. T. SHERMAN, 

Lieutenant General, 

General U. S. Grant, 

General United States Army. 


Extract from private letter received January 28, 1867. 

Fort Phil. Kearny, Dakota Territory, 

Decemher 28, 1866. 

Yours of November 28 came to hand, I was pleased to hear from a friend in 
the civilized world. We have passed through some trying and even heart-rend¬ 
ing scenes within the last twenty days. 

On the 6th instant we had an engagement with the Indians about three miles from 
the fort. Lieutenant Bingham, of the second cavalry, and Sergeant Bowers, of 







12 


FORT PHIL. KP:ARNEY MASSACRE. 


E company, second battaiioii eighteenth infantry, were killed and scalped. On 
the 21st instant, the timber train, while on its daily trip to the mountains, under 
Corporal Legrow, of E company, was attacked by Indians. Detachments 
from the different companies of the garrison, some mounted and some on foot, 
the whole being under the command of Captain and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel 
Fetterman, assisted by Captain Brown and Lieutenant Grammond, proceeded from 
the fort to protect the train. The command amounted to three officers, eight 
sergeants, ten corporals, and sixty-tliree privates. Those from E company were 
Sergeant Morgan, Corporal Quinn, and four privates. Upon their leaving the 
fort the colonel gave orders for the detachment to protect the train, but to remain 
within supporting distance of the garrison; but, contrary to these orders, they 
pursued the Indians (who immediately left the train without inflicting any dam¬ 
age) for some six miles, to the main force of the enemy, which lay in ambush. 
The Indians perceiving (as I suppose) that they had the advantage in numbers, 
immediately rushed from their places of concealment, and succeeded in cutting 
our men off from any communication with the post, and the scene which followed 
you and all others may imagine, but I cannot describe it, as not a man was left 
to tell the tale. All were butchered and scalped, their bodies gashed, chopped 
with knives and tomahawks, stripped of every article of clothing, and then 
(perhaps while in the agonies of death) shot through and through with arrows, i 
Poor Sergeant Morgan was shot through the breast and scalped; his body was ) 
full of arrows. The wood train returned without further trouble, and the colonel, 
becoming alarmed at the absence of the command, ordered a second detachment, 
under Captain Powell, to their relief. Captain Powell followed their trail across 
a high bluff, into a valley, where, to the surprise and mortification of his com¬ 
mand, he found, not those brave and noble hearts who a few hours previous had 
left the fort with buoyant spirits, t hirsting for reveng e, but eighty-four mangled 
and disfigured corpses, lying naked ontiie giwnd.^ The Indians, on the com¬ 
pletion of their hellish work, departed, taking clothing, arms, and accoutrements, 
Avith their dead and wounded, for it is not supposed that eighty-four armed sol¬ 
diers could be killed, not one escaping, and that, too, in daylight and open ground, 
without some loss to the enemy. 

Captain Powell sent a messenger to the garrison, informing the colonel, stating 
he would await the arrival of wagons to bring on the bodies. The report went 
like a death-knell to the heart of every soldier. We could hardly believe it, 
until the arrival of Captain Powell’s detachment and return of the wagons, 
bringing forty-five dead bodies. The remaining thirty-six were not brought in 
until the next morning. 

The severity of the weather, and probability of an immediate attack upon the 
fort, compelled us to bury our dead in trenches, without ceremony or military 
honors. The same evening Colonel Carrington sent citizen couriers to Laramie 
Ayitli despatches to department headquarters for re-enforcements; the mail has ar¬ 
rived since forwarding the despatch, but no re-enforcements. We have been com¬ 
pelled to stop all work. The snow is deep, and the weather so intensely cold 
tliat the guards have to be relieved every half-hour. 

There are six companies here, and but five officers. Lieutenant Bisbee has 
been detached to department headquarters. Lieutenant Grammond, Avho was in 
command of the company, was killed. I have had to receipt temporarily to the 
quartermaster for clothing and other necessary stores, some of Avhich had been 
previously invoiced to the company, but not receipted for by the company com¬ 
mander. This looks rather bad on the part of the government, when 1st ser¬ 
geants have to be responsible for duties pertaining only to commissioned officers, 
but such are the chances of war in times of peace. Corporal Legrow has been 
made sergeant, vice Morgan deceased ; Legrow is a faithful and deserving soldier. 

A few days before the massacre I was released from confinement, there bein" no 





FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE 


13 


one that could do anything with the company. I was just in time to have my 
hands full, as usual. 

It is now past tattoo, the night is cold, the men are sleeping in their clothes and 
accoutrements on. Indian signals have been seen, and we don’t know what 
hour the post may be attacked. Self and two soldiers are keeping v/atch so as 
to awake the men in case of alarm. At midnight I shall have Sergeant Clark 
and three others to relieve us. So you can imagine the state of affairs here. 

I have seen an article in a Chicago paper stating that the commissioners on 
Indian affairs had received intelligence that reports of hostilities on the frontiers 
were without foundation and were exaggerated. - The Indian commissioners are*' 
furnishing Indians with arms and ammunition to hunt with, and they are using 
it to murder white men. Those conynissioners are a nuisance to the government. 
We want men and arms on these plains to exterminate this accursed race of j 
savages. We are fighting a foe that is the devil. In yoiuTast you spoke about 
some newspapers which you had sent me. I did not get them. Please write 
soon, and pray God to hasten the day when I shall get out of this horrible place. 

Good-bye, this may be my last letter; should it reach you, don’t forget your 
friend. 

Headquarters United States Army, 

February 2, 18G7. 

Official copy: 

E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel arid A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 


Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebrasha, Avgust 11, 18GG. 

Two companies 2d cavalry have been ordered to assist in the protection of 
the road. You are authorized to enlist not to exceed fifty Indian scouts, pay 
and allowances of cavalry soldiers; let them use the ponies if you can’t do 
better. Be very cautious; don’t undertake unnecessary, risky detachments. 

P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, 

Brigadier General Commanding. 

Colonel H. B. Carrington, 

Commanding Fort'C. F. tmith, (via'Laramie.J 


Official: 


E. S. PARKER, 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, September 27, 18GG. 

Your long telegram and others of the 17th instant received Also copy of 
Major Van Voast’s letter of September 22, to you. You must have corn before 
this in plenty. It is impossible to take the offensive this season, except you 
can manage to surprise Red Cloud’s bands in winter camps, by infantry. Two 
or three hundred infantry, with much suffering, perhaps, might thus accomplish 
more than two thousand troops in summer. 

I have reason to believe there are whites with the Indians ; never spare them. 
You can only defend yourself and trains and emigrants the best you can. 
There are so many conditions and circumstances connected with Fort C. E. 







14 


FORT PHIL. KEARNEY MASSACRE. 


Smith I am ignorant of, I cannot order or advise only as the worst, you can 
recall its garrison, and in such case strengthen Ileiio. Having one company of 
cavalry, you can probably dispense with your ninety-four horses, after mount¬ 
ing all the cavalry men. They could be used for cavalry at Laramie. The 
same as to any useless horses at C. F. Smith and Reno. 

General Myers telegraphs about Bailey’s party and wages. Cartridges at¬ 
tended to. 

P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, 

Brevet Major General Commanding. 

Colonel 11. B. Carrington, 

Fort Fhil. Kearney, Dakota Territory. 

Official: 


Colonel and A. D. C. 


B. 

Headquarters Department of the Platte, 

Omaha, Nebraska, November 12, 1866. 

Colonel : You are hereby instructed that, so soon as the troops and stores are 
covered from the weather, to turn your attention to the possibility of striking 
the hostile bands of Indians by surprise in their winter camps, as intimated in 
telegram of September 27, ultimo, from these headquarters. An extraordinary 
effort in winter, when the Indian horses are unserviceable, it is believed should 
be followed by more success than can be accomplished by very large expeditions 
in summer, when the Indians can so easily scatter into deserts and mountain 
hiding places, almost beyond pursuit. 

Four companies of infantry will be available, besides some cavalry; you have 
a large arrear of murderous and insulting attacks by the savages upon emigrants, 
trains, and troops, to settle ; and you are ordered, if there prove to be any promise 
of success, to conduct, or to send under another officer such an expedition. 
Major Van Voast has volunteered, and has been instructed to make such a one 
in December, from Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory. 

By command of Brevet Major General Cooke : 

H. G. LITCHFIELD, 

Brevet Mgjor U. S. Army, A. D. C. 

Colonel JI. B. Carrington, 

18/7i U. S. Infantry, commanding Fort Phil. Kearney, Dakota 'Ter. 

Official copy : 


Colonel and A. D. C. 


Fort Philip Kearney, Dakota Territory, 

December 7, 1866. 

Captain : In compliance with your communication of to-day I have the 
honor to submit to the colonel commanding the post the following report of the 
operations of my party on the 6th instant, while in pursuit of Indians who had 
attacked the wood party : 

In obedience to the instructions of the colonel commanding, I took command 
^^of the cavalry, numbering about thirty men, under the immediate command of 
^^k^ond UjejLgnt H. S. Bingham, 2d United States cavalry, and proceeded 












FORT PHIL KEARNEY MASSACRE 


15 


to the wood train, about four miles from the post, which I found corralled and 
surrounded hy Indians. There I was joined by Captain Fred. H. Brown, 
IStli United States infantry, and a couple of mounted infantry, who had 
a.ieady started tor the relief of the train, and was overtaken by Second Lieu¬ 
tenant A. U. AVands, 18th United States infantry, and started in pursuit 
of the Indians, who retired before us for five miles, when, arriving in a valley 
through which passed the Big Horn road, the Indians offered us battle. In the 
most unaccountable manner the cavalry turned and commenced a retreat, wliicli 
I, assisted^ by Captain Brown and Lieutenant Wands, used every exertion to 
check. ^ Ihe Indians corralling and closing around us, it was plain the retreat, 
if continued, would be a rout and massacre. We, therefore, with the two 
mounted infantry men who were with us, dismounted from our horses, and, con¬ 
tinuing our exertions, succeeded in calling back a few of the cavalry, which 
swelled our number to about fourteen men, with which we turned and fought 
the enemy, who numbered about one hundred, surrounding us on three sides. 
AVhile thus .engaged, the mounted infantry which had started out on the Big 
Horn road, under the command of Colonel Carrington, came in sight, and passed 
along the road about half a mile to our right, with the purpose, 1 hoped, of get¬ 
ting to the rear of the enemy, who had a low ridge at their back. The Indians, 
seeing the approach of the mounted infantry, retired, we following; hut finding 
that their rear was not attacked, a large number of them returned. After 
fighting about twenty minutes longer they again retired, we in pursuit. Not 
being able to overtake them, I concluded to take the road and join Colonel Car¬ 
rington’s party, which we soon found on the road a short distance in advance. 
I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of Captain Brown and Lieutenant 
Wands, without whose assistance I fear we must have suffered serious disaster. 
Lieutenant Bingham, while retiring with the major part of the cavalry, encoun¬ 
tered the mounted infantry as they were descending the road, and joined them, 
leaving my party of about fourteen men to oppose a hundred Indians. I can¬ 
not account for this movement on the part of an officer of such unquestionable 
gallantry as Lieutenant Bingham; but it is presumed that being unable to 
check the retreat of his men, he deemed it most prudent to hold his men in hand 
as much as possible, and fall back on the mounted infantry who were expected 
down the road. 

Our casualties at this time were one man wounded, two horses wounded, and 
one killed. 

Three Indian ponies were shot, and two men were seen carried from the field. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WM. J. FETTERMAN, 

Cajpt. IS^Zf. IvJ'untry, Bvt. Lieutenant Colonel U. S. A. 

Brevet Captain Wm. H. Bisbie, 

ISth Inf., Post Adjutant Fort Pldlip Kearney, D. T. 

Official: --j 

Colonel and A. D. C. 


[Telegram.] 

Phil. Kearnev% D. T., Decemher 19, 1866. 

A. A. A. General, Dejjartment of the Platte : 

No special news since last report. Indians appeared to-day and fired on wood 
train, but were repulsed. They are accomplishing nothing, while I am perfecting 
all details of the i)OSt and preparing for active movements. 

HENRY B. CARRINGTON, 

Col. ISth U. S. Infantry, Commanding Post. 

Official : 

A - . 

Colonel and A. D. C. 










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